Recall Alert! the Latest Baby Product Recalls

Oeuf, a leader in modern, eco-friendly and high-end nursery furniture, recalled about 14,000 of its Sparrow Cribs on July 22. This comes after four reports of the slats, spindles and top rail detaching from the crib, posing an entrapment hazard. Luckily, no injuries were reported.

This recall affects all colors (white, birch, grey and walnut) and model numbers 1SPCR, 2SPCR, 4SPCR and 5SPCR, which were manufactured between July 2007 and January 2014. You can find the model number and manufacture date on the warning label attached to the crib’s mattress support.

Anyone with this type of crib should stop using it immediately, and contact Oeuf for a free repair kit. You can call the company at (844) 653-8527, or visit the Sparrow Recall tab of their site.

Toys “R” Us recalled its Just Like Home brand toy toaster sets, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) announced on Oct. 15. But the issue isn’t with the teal blue toaster; it’s with the “toast.” Under pressure, the plastic toast can crack into small, sharp pieces, posing a choking hazard.

While no injuries have been reported, owners of the toy should return it to Toys “R” Us for a full refund. The recall affects about 30,000 models in the US and 6,000 in Canada. Look for model number 5F60589 printed on a white label on the bottom of the toaster.

Pennsylvania-based baby wipe manufacturer Nutek Disposables issued a nationwide voluntary recall on Oct. 25. The recall, announced by the FDA, affects several brands produced by Nutek, including Cuties, Diapers.com, Femtex, Fred’s, Kidgets, Member’s Mark, Simply Right, Sunny Smiles, Tender Touch and Well Beginnings.

The recall follows a small number of complaints of odor and discoloration, which Nutek found to be caused by bacteria. The bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia), isn’t really harmful to healthy people, but those with weak immune systems or chronic lung diseases are more susceptible to infection.

Wipes were sold in Walgreens, Sam’s Club, Family Dollar, Fred’s and Diapers.com. Customers can return the product for a full refund, and call the company at 1-855-646-4351 for more information.

McDonald’s recalled their Hello Kitty Whistle Happy Meal toys, the CPSC announced on Nov. 10.

Pieces of the whistle — which is included in a 3-inch figurine of Hello Kitty holding a pink lollipop — can detach and pose a choking hazard. Two incidents have already been reported, one of which required medical attention.

About 2.3 million whistles have been distributed in the US. If your child received this toy, you can return it to any McDonald’s for a free replacement toy, yogurt tube or bag of sliced apples (we’d take the toy). You can contact McDonald’s at (800) 244-6227 or visit McDonalds.com for more information.

Parents, listen up: Graco is recalling nearly 5 million strollers, the CPSC announced on Nov. 20. And the reason is serious: the folding hinge on the sides of the stroller can pinch a child’s finger, posing a laceration or amputation hazard.

Graco has received 11 reports of injuries so far, including six fingertip amputations and four partial amputations.

Not every stroller model is affected, but these 11 are:

Aspen, Breeze, Capri, Cirrus, Glider, Kite, LiteRider, Sierra, Solara, Sterling, TravelMate

All of these models are single-occupant strollers featuring a one-hand fold release. Manufacturing dates go back to 2000.

Graco will be issuing free repair kits beginning in December. Call (800) 345-4109 or visit their recall page for more information.

Dream On Me is recalling about 10,000 of their Incredible Play Yards, the CPSC announced on Dec. 9. While no injuries have been reported, the play yards can collapse, posing a strangulation hazard to young children.

Wondering if you have this model? Look for model numbers starting with 436A, 436B, 436G, 436O, 436P and 436R, which can be found on a label attached to the play yard’s mattress. The play yard has two levels and the height can be adjusted.

Contact Dream On Me to receive a free repair kit at 877-201-4317, or visit their recalls page.

Make way for yet another IKEA lamp recall! On April 30, IKEA reannounced and re-expanded their previous lamp recall, now totaling 3.5 million recalled wall-mounted lamps in the US and 30.2 million worldwide to date due to a strangulation hazard. In the first recall, 2.3 million were recalled in the US.

The recalled lamps were sold at IKEA stores nationwide, in IKEA catalogues and online from May 1984 to April 2014 for between $5 and $30.

Here’s what you need to know about the recall:

The current recall involves these 20 new IKEA children’s wall-mounted lamps that have a 7 to 8 foot long cord with either a switch on the cord or a switch on the lamp:

BILEN – Green front of car

FLABB – Red lips and white teeth

KUSLIG – Dark blue or pink domed reading lamp

LJUSNING – White round plastic frame with LED light

MINNEN – Red, blue or mother-of-pearl domed reading lamp with silver-colored spider on dome

MINNEN FACKLA – Silver and cream torch

MYS HJÄRTLIG – White bunny on green gingham background nightlight

MYS KANIN – Sleeping bunny nightlight

MYS MÅNE – Moon and stars nightlight

MYS RIVIG – Cat nightlight

PIFFIG – White and blue fabric domed nightlight, Red, green, blue and yellow fabric domed nightlight and Red fabric domed nightlight

SEGLATS – Sailboat nightlight

SKOJIG – White or green domed reading lamp with clouds

SMILA BAGGE – Green bug

SMILA BLOMMA – White, pink or red flower

SMILA HJÄRTA – Red heart

SMILA MÅNE – Yellow moon

SMILA SNÄCKA – Blue seashell

SMILA STJÄRNA – Blue star

SMILA SJÖHÄST – Orange seahorse

SMULTRON GRODA – Frog nightlight

SMYG – White tubular reading lamp with white metal sides, White domed reading lamp with turquoise metal base and White domed reading lamp with red metal base

SNÖIG – Light green, pink or white domed reading lamp

STOJA – Blue triangle on red base and White pointed shade on red base with blue arrow

SUSSA – White rectangular lamp with grates

TASSA and TASSA NATT – Dark blue lamp with wooden sides, Dancing brown frogs, Blue nightlight with moon and stars and Yellow nightlight with squirrel

Tragically, a 15-month-old baby became entangled in the TASSA NATT lamp’s cord and was nearly strangled to death, but is now fine. In a previous IKEA lamp recall, a 16-month-old baby died after getting strangled by the SMILA lamp’s cord. Both incidents occurred in Europe when the infants pulled the lamp cord into the crib.

What to do if you own any of the recalled products:

Immediately stop using the recalled lamps, remove them from the wall and contact IKEA customer service at (888) 966-4532 for a free repair kit. Do not use the lamp until the repair kit is installed. The new repair kit has self-adhesive fasteners for attaching the lamp’s cord to the wall and safety instructions.

Summer Infant, Inc., recalled around 800,000 rechargeable batteries in their color video monitors on April 24, because the batteries in the handheld monitor can overheat and rupture, posing a burn hazard. The monitors were sold at mass merchants (such as Babies “R” Us), online retailers and independent stores from February 2010 through February 2012 between $149 and $349 dollars.

Here’s what you need to know about the recall:

The rechargeable batteries are about 1 ½” tall by 2 ¼” wide and are ¼” thick, black, and are marked with “TCL” on the lower right corner of the battery.  Monitors are sold with a matching camera and A/C adaptors. Recalled batteries will have one of these letter and number combinations in the beginning of the serial number on the back of the battery:

• S/N: JNN-S150A
• S/N:JNS150-BA
• S/N:JNS150A
• S/N: JNN-S150B
• S/N:JNS150-BB
• S/N: JNN-S150C
• S/N:JNS150-BC

The recall’s monitors include these names and model numbers:

• Baby Touch 02000, 02000Z
• Baby Touch Plus 28520
• Best View 28030, 28030Z, 28035, 28280Z
• Best View Choice 28460
• Complete Coverage 28040
• Dual Coverage 28510
• MultiView 28490
• Peek Plus 02230
• Private Label Baby Sight 3927000H11/A, 3927003H12
• Safe Sight 28530
• Secure Sight 02040, 02040Z
• Sleek & Secure 28270
• Slim & Secure 02800, 02805
• Slim & Secure Plus 28450
• Slim & Secure Plus Power Pack 28590

Unfortunately, Summer Infant has received 22 reports to date of overheated and ruptured batteries, where smoke and minor property damage were involved.

What to do if you own any of the recalled products:

Remove the battery and contact Summer Infant here for a replacement battery, due to arrive at Summer Infant by May 20, 2014.  The monitor can continue to be used on AC power with the included power cord. Once the batteries have been received, you should receive your replacement battery within 7 to 10 business days. You will also receive a postage paid envelope to return your old battery for disposal. You can also contact Summer Infant at 1-800-426-8627.

Make way for yet another car seat recall! On April 16, Baby Trend, Inc. recalled over 16,000 TrendZ Fastback 3-in-1 car seats that were manufactured between October 2011 and July 2013. The recall on two models is due to a potentially faulty harness crotch buckle that has difficulty unlatching (due to exposure from everyday contaminants), making it difficult to remove a child from the seat in the case of an emergency.

Here’s what you need to know about the recall:

Baby Trend’s recall includes two models:

• FB60070 (Granite) manufactured between October 2011 and July 2013
• FB60408 (Jellybean), manufactured between October 2011 and July 2013

Thankfully, there haven’t been any reports of injuries due to the recalled buckles. Baby Trend also states that there is no risk if the buckle is functioning normally.

What to do if you own any of the recalled products:

Baby Trend is providing customers who own either of the recalled car seats a free remedy kit that includes a replacement buckle and instructions on how to install the new buckle.You can order the remedy kit by calling Baby Trend customer service at 1-800-328-7363, and the kit will start to ship the week of May 12th. You can also visit their website at www.babytrend.com.  Do not return the car seats to retailers.

If there’s any difficulty unlatching the buckle before your remedy kit arrives, cleaning the buckle should help.

On April 7, Evenflo announced a voluntary recall on more than 1.3 million child safety seats after finding that seat buckles in certain models were faulty and could become stuck in a latched position, making it difficult to remove a child from the seat in the case of an emergency. Evenflo stated that this problem could be to due to exposure to various contaminants (like food and drinks), but there is no risk if the buckle is functioning normally.

Evenflo’s recall includes buckles from these children’s convertible and booster seat models manufactured between 2011 and 2014:

• Momentum 65, Momentum 65 LX and Momentum 65 DLX, with model number prefix 385 and was manufactured between 3/4/2013 and 8/26/2013
• Chase, Chase LX and Chase Select, with model number prefix 306 and was manufactured between 6/12/2012 and 10/3/2013
• Chase LX and Chase DLX, with model number prefix 329 and was manufactured between 8/23/2011 through 3/3/2014
• Maestro and Maestro Performance, with model number prefix 310 and was manufactured between 8/22/2011 through 10/17/2013
• Symphony 65, Symphony 65 E3, Symphony LX, Symphony DLX and Snugli All-in-One, with model number prefix 345 or 356 and was manufactured between 10/2/2012 through 8/26/2013
• Titan 65 and SureRide DLX, with model number prefix 371 and was manufactured between 6/20/2012 through 10/17/2013
• Secure Kid LX, Secure Kid DLX, Secure Kid 100, Secure Kid 300, Secure Kid 400 and Snugli Booster, with model number prefix 308 and was manufactured between 12/13/2011 through 3/3/2014

Thankfully, there haven’t been any reports of injuries due to the recalled buckles.

Evenflo is providing seat owners a free remedy kit that includes a replacement buckle and instructions for installing the new buckle, available by  placing an order with Evenflo or calling (800) 490-7591. Do not return these convertible car seats and harnessed boosters to retailers. If you own a seat and are experiencing difficulty unlatching the buckle before your remedy kit arrives, cleaning the buckle should help.

On April 7, Tyson Foods, Inc. voluntarily recalled over 75,000 pounds of frozen white meat chicken nuggets in 5 pound bags that were sold at Sam’s Club stores nationwide due to small pieces of plastic found in the nuggets.

The recalled frozen, fully-cooked Tyson chicken nuggets are packaged in 5-pound bags and are labeled as “Tyson Fully Cooked White Meat Chicken Nuggets.” The UPC number was: 0-23700-02178 6 or 300-23700-02178 and the manufacturer’s code: 0264SDL0315 through 0319 or 0474SDL0311 through 0314. The recalled product had a “Best By Date” of Jan 26, 2015 or Feb 16, 2015.

The recall also includes 40 cases of Spare Tire brand fully-cooked nugget-shaped chicken breast pattie fritters with rib meat, with case codes labeled Item # 16142-861 and sold in 20-pound bulk cases. The chicken nuggets were probably contaminated with “foreign matter” from a scraper inside a blending machine. Tyson stated that the affected product lots were produced during two days on a single line at one of the company’s 40 chicken production facilities. Unfortunately, there has been one minor mouth injury associated with the recall.

Products sold in smaller packages or at any other retailer are not affected by this recall.

If you own the recalled packages, stop using them immediately. Cut the UPC and date code from the back of the bag and mail it to Tyson Foods for a full refund. For more information, call Tyson Foods Consumer Services at (866) 328-3156.

On March 21, IKEA announced a recall on about 255,000 of their baby and child’s crib and bed canopies , including these models:  LEGENDARISK, MINNEN bed Canopy set, BARNSLIG BOLL, MINNEN Brodyr, HIMMEL, FABLER, TISSLA and KLÄMMIG. The products were recalled due to potential strangulation hazards associated with the canopies.

LEGENDARISK has article number 600.506.81 and is a white canopy with golden crowns printed on the white fabric. MINNEN Bed Canopy Set has article number 900.877.58 and is a white canopy with golden swirl decorations printed on the edge of the fabric. BARNSLIG Boll has article number 201.078.30 and is a white canopy with a red pointed top. MINNEN Brodyr has article number 501.076.78 and is a white canopy with green leaf decorations sewn on the fabric. HIMMEL canopies come in four colors, all with pointed tops; HIMMEL Green has article number 701.376.41, HIMMEL White/Blue has article number 201.758.38, HIMMEL Blue has article number 901.376.40 and HIMMEL Pink has article number 101.376.39. FABLER has article number 201.308.78 and is a white canopy with the multicolored dots and upside-down triangles sewn on the fabric. TISSLA has article number 902.367.15 and is a light pink canopy with pink laces sewn on the fabric. KLÄMMIG has article number 928.165.95 and is a yellow canopy with the stand clamped to the frame of the crib.

The Consumer Products Safety Commission reports that even though about 255,000 of the bed canopies are being recalled in the U.S., the recall affects 2.6 million of the products worldwide. Thankfully, no injuries have been reported, but IKEA has received reports of entanglement when the netted fabric was pulled into the cribs and beds and got wrapped around a 7-month-old’s neck.

The canopies were sold at IKEA stores and online from August 1996 through March 2014 for between $10 and $30. If you own one, stop using it immediately and bring back to any IKEA store for a full refund, or contact IKEA toll-free at (888) 966-4532.

On March 20, Vera Bradley announced a recall on about 98,000 Lola Bear Ring Rattles and Lola Bunny, Lillie Bell Bunny and Tutti Frutti Bunny stuffed animal toys. The toys, sold at Vera Bradley retail stores, department stores, specialty gift shops and online, pose a choking hazard to young children because of the pom-pom tail that can detach from the body of the bear rattle and the bunny.

The recalled bears and bunnies are made of cotton and fleece.  The bear ring rattle has a white teddy bear head, arms attached to an O-shaped body with a green, blue, brown and pink crisscross pattern design rattle. The bear ring rattle measures about 4.25 inches in diameter.

The bunny is 10 inches tall from the top of its head to the bottom of its foot and was sold in three printed patterns. “Lillie Bell Bunny” has green vines with pink and orange flowers on the body, limbs and the back of the ears. “Lola Bunny” has a crisscross geometric pattern on the arms, legs and ears of the white headed bunny with a floral print body. “Tutti Frutti Bunny” has a green with a pink and yellow floral printed pattern fabric covering whole body.

All of the recalled rattles and bunnies have a white pom-pom tail on the back of the item. Thankfully, no injuries have been reported, but Vera Bradley has received two reports that the pom-pom tail detached from the product.

The name Vera Bradley is marked on a tag attached to each item along with the following serial numbers:

Lola Bunny: 007590013357145

Lillie Bell Bunny: 0000630012803140

Tutti Frutti Bunny: 0000630012803142

Lola Bear: 007590013234135

If you own the products, take them away from young children immediately and return them to Vera Bradley for a full refund. Contact Vera Bradley toll-free at (888) 855-8372 from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. ET Monday through Friday and 8:30 am to 5 pm ET Saturday and Sunday or online at  www.verabradley.com and click on Product Recall for more information. The toys were sold from September 2012 to January 2014 for between $12 and $19.

On March 4, the FDA announced that Plum Organics voluntarily recalled two varieties of its World Baby line of pouch products. The products were recalled because of periodic damage made to the plastic spouts on the pouches during manufacturing.

Here’s what you need to know:

There is a possibility that spouts could loosen, detach and present a choking hazard when the pouch is opened, and should not be given to children. Plum has received 14 consumer complaints about the damaged spouts to date, but thankfully, no injuries have been reported yet. To prevent further issues, Plum is removing all affected pouches from store shelves.

The recalled products include World Baby Italy and World Baby Thailand pouches and can be identified by the following “Best By” dates on the package:

• World Baby Italy–Zucchini & Spinach with Pasta Marinara with “Best By” date of 09Sep14 (Sept. 9, 2014).
• World Baby Thailand–Roasted Pumpkin & Coconut Rice with “Best By” date of 10Sep14 (Sept. 10, 2014).

The recall was announced after Plum Organics discovered damage to the top rim of the spout in some pouches. The damage should be visible as a depression in the rim, and could also have a fragment of plastic attached to the damaged area. A total 12,000 cases of the recalled pouches were shipped around the U.S. to grocery, mass and online retailers. No other Plum products are affected by the recall.

What to do if you own the recalled model:

Contact the Plum Organics Consumer Hotline 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at (866) 535-3774 or send an email to  info@plumorganics.com to request reimbursement. For more information, visit  www.plumorganics.com/March2014Recall.

On February 20, the CPSC announced a recall on 191,000 Go Gaga Squeeze and Teethe Coco the Monkey Teethers by Infantino. The teethers, sold exclusively at Target stores, were recalled due to the fact that they pose a choking hazard to young children because the tail of the monkey detaches.

Here’s what you need to know:

The recalled monkey is made of soft orange rubber, measures 4.5 inches tall and 5 inches long. “Infantino” is written on the back toward the rear of the toy and the model number 206-647 is written on the inside of the rear left leg. So far, CPSC has received seven reports of infants choking or gagging on the monkey’s tail. Thankfully, no injuries have been reported.

What to do if you own the recalled model:

Stop using it immediately and keep out of the reach of young children. You can contact Infantino for a free replacement toy by telephone at (888) 808-3111 or online at Infantino.com and clicking on “Recall Information” on the site’s homepage.

Infantino toll-free at (888) 808-3111 between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. PT Monday through Friday or online at www.infantino.com and click on Recall Information on the home page. The product was sold exclusively at Target stores and o nline from December 2012 through January 2014 for about $13.

On February 11, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced that Graco issued a recall on 3.8 million car safety seats due to the fact that a child can become trapped in the seat. The recalled models include: Cozy Cline, Comfort Sport, Classic Ride 50, My Ride 65, My Ride with Safety Surround, My Ride 70, Size 4 Me 70, Smartseat, Nautilus, Nautilus Elite and Argos 70. Graco has not announced a recall on their seven similar infant seat models at this time.

The buckles on the seat may not unlatch, making it difficult to remove the child from the seat, increasing the risk of injury in a crash or fire. So far, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has received over 80 reports about the seats.

The NHTSA said, “NHTSA’s investigation will remain open pending its evaluation of the Graco recall and until the Agency’s consideration of the review of the 7 remaining seat models is completed.” As of now, none of the Graco SnugRide seats have been recalled, but pending the NHTSA’s investigation, that could change. Currently, Graco has “identified that food and dried liquids can make some harness buckles progressively more difficult to open over time or become stuck in the latched position.” They’ve also emphasized that the infant seats were not included in the recall, saying that the SnugRide has been “uniquely designed to detach from their base for quick release if needed.” But if you have had issues with your infant seat, you can get a free replacement.

If you own the recalled car seats, Graco is offering an improved replacement harness buckle to affected consumers at no cost. The company said in a statement, “Graco would like to stress this does not in any way affect the performance of the car seat or the effectiveness of the buckle to restrain the child.” The recall includes 11 different models sold from 2009 to 2013.

Parents can contact Graco at (800) 345-4109 or (330) 869-7225. You can also visit Graco online and visit their “ Safety and Recalls” tab for further information.

On January 30, Fred & Friends announced a recall on roughly 183,000 US and 17,000 Canadian Chill Baby Artiste, Volume and Panic pacifiers due to a detachment hazard.

The pacifiers failed to meet the federal safety standard because the beard on the Artiste and the knob on the Volume can detach, which poses a choking hazard for small babies. The ventilation holes on the Volume and Panic models are also too small. So far, Fred & Friends has only received one incident of the knob falling off of the Volume pacifier. No injuries have been reported.

The recall includes all the styles of the Artiste, Volume and Panic pacifiers. The name and UPC model are printed on the packaging and are as follows: the Artiste’s UPC is 728987021282, the Volume style’s UPC is 728987020599 and the Panic style’s UPC is 728987020605. T

If you own one of the recalled models, stop using it immediately and take it away from young babies. They can be returned to Fred & Friends for a $12 refund. In addition, Fred & Friends is also providing postage paid envelopes for costumers who own the recalled pacifiers. You can contact Fred & Friends at (855) 346-6372 or email them at pacifiersconsumer@fredandfriends.com. For further information, visit FredAndFriends.com and click on the “ Pacifier Recall” for more information.

The pacifiers were sold at stores nationwide from April of 2013 through December of 2013 for about $10.

On January 30, the CPSC, in conjunction with  Britax , just announced a recall on 216,000 US and 8,800 Canadian B-Aigle, B-Agile Double and BOB Motion Strollers due to a terrifying hinge hazard. The hinge of the stroller’s holding mechanism can partially amputate a user’s fingertips, break their fingers or cause severe lacerations when the release button is pressed and they pull on the release strap. So far, Britax has received eight incident reports, with one including a partial fingertip amputation, one broken finger and several finger lacerations.

The recall includes the Britax B-Aigle, B-Aigle Double and BOB Motion strollers. All three were sold in various colorways, including black, red, kiwi, sandstone, navy and orange. They were also manufactured between March of 2011 and June of 2013 with the following model numbers: U341763, U341764, U341782 and U341783 for the B-Agile strollers; U361818 or U361819 for the B-Agile Double strollers; and U391820, U391821 and U391822 for the BOB Motion strollers. Model numbers and manufacture dates can be found on the label just inside the stroller’s metal frame near the right rear wheel.

If you own any of the recalled models, _ stop using them immediately _and contact Britax by phone (866-204-1665) to receive a free repair kit. You can also visit them online at BritaxUSA.com or BOBGear.com. For further information, click on the “ Safety Notice” tab at the top right corner or the “ Learn More” tab at the center of the page. Emails can also be sent directly to: StrollerRecall@Britax.com.

The strollers were sold at major (and juvenile) retailers nationwide, online at Amazon.com, albeebaby.com, buybuyBABY.com, Diapers.com, ToysRUs.com and a host of other retailers between May of 2011 and June of 2013 for anywhere between $250 and $450.

On January 22, the CPSC, in conjunction with Playtex, announced a recall on 1.25 million Playtex pacifier holder clips in the US and 150,000 in Canada. The clips were recalled because they can crack and separate, which poses a choking hazard to small children and young babies.

So far, Playtex has received 99 reports of the clips cracking and/or breaking but fortunately, no injuries have been recorded yet.

The recall includes the Playtex pacifier holder clips that attach the pacifier to items like clothing, diaper bags and strollers. It looks like a plastic clip and has a “Playtex” copyright logo that slides up and down to adjust the clip. It also comes with a ribbon and clear plastic ring that stretches to fit the pacifier. The recalled model was sold in green with a money figure, pink with a flower figure and blue, with a tow truck figure.

If you own the recalled product, stop using it immediately and keep it away from small children. Contact Playtex for instructions on how to return the product for a full refund. You can visit them online at PlaytexProducts.com for instructions and for further information on the recall, click on the Recalls tab. Playtex can also be contacted by telephone at (888) 220-2075 Monday through Friday.

The recalled products were sold at major retailers like Walmart, Target and Burlington Coat factory stores, discount stores nationwide, online at Amazon.com and a host of other major retailers, baby stores and juvenile product stores between July 2010 and October 2013 for about $3.

Please note: The Bump and the materials and information it contains are not intended to, and do not constitute, medical or other health advice or diagnosis and should not be used as such. You should always consult with a qualified physician or health professional about your specific circumstances.